The terms used across the Semsons Tech catalogue, defined in one place. Each entry says what the term means on a jewellery production floor and links to the product page where it matters.
Stone setting
Automatic wax setting machine
A machine that picks stones from a sorting tray with a suction nozzle and places them into a wax model at programmed coordinates, so the stones are cast in place. The Semsons Tech Pro Mini sets up to 10,000 stones an hour; the X4 Pro Plus 12,000 across two stations. Also called a diamond setting machine or stone setting machine.
Station
One working position on a setting machine. A single-station machine sets one model at a time; a double-station machine loads one model while the other is being set, which removes the wait between batches.
Spot accuracy
How closely the machine places each stone to its programmed position. Both Semsons Tech machines hold ±0.02 mm.
Five-axis motion
The head moves in three straight directions (X, Y, Z) and rotates about two more, so the nozzle can approach a stone position from the angle the design needs. The X4 Pro Plus rotates through 540°.
Sorting tray
A machined plate with a grid of pockets that presents stones table-up for the nozzle. Standard DSSMT trays use a 40 × 80 grid holding 3,200 stones for 0.8 to 1.9 mm and a 20 × 40 deep-pocket grid holding 800 for 2.0 to 3.0 mm. Wide-format trays (DSSMT-01L, SSMWT) use 30 × 85 or 15 × 49 grids.
Deep-pocket grid
The tray pattern for stones of 2.0 mm and above. A larger stone needs a deeper seat to sit table-up and stay seated while the arm indexes; a tipped stone is a missed pickup. Capacity drops from 3,200 to 800 because the pockets are bigger.
Suction nozzle
The tip that lifts each stone by vacuum and releases it into the wax. Five nozzles cover 0.8 to 3.0 mm: 502, 502B, 503, 503B and 504. A nozzle is a consumable wear item, replaced when pickup consistency drops. See the tray and nozzle selector.
Size band
The range of round-stone diameters one nozzle and tray are made for, for example 1.5 to 1.9 mm for the 503B. Using a nozzle outside its band causes pickup failures and dropped stones.
Melee
Small round stones, generally under 2 mm, set in quantity as pavé or accent stones. The bulk of automatic setting work is melee.
Pavé
A setting style where small stones are set close together so the surface appears paved with stones. Micro-pavé uses stones of about 0.8 to 1.2 mm.
Wax model
The wax version of the piece, injected, milled or 3D-printed, into which stones are set before casting. The metal is cast around the stones, so the stones are held without hand setting in metal.
Base with stud
A 76 mm machined disc with a perpendicular locating stud that fixes the wax model's coordinates on the machine bed. It is replaced when the disc face wears, the stud shifts out of perpendicular, or corrosion sets in. Sold singly or in 1 kg and 2 kg packs.
Wax setting silicone
The putty that holds the wax model on the base through the run and peels off afterwards. SSMAB-01A and 01B are ready to use; AB silicone putty is a two-part product mixed before use. See the silicone guide.
CVD and HPHT
The two processes for growing laboratory diamonds: chemical vapour deposition and high pressure, high temperature. Lab-grown rounds run in the same trays and nozzles as natural diamond and CZ.
CZ
Cubic zirconia, a synthetic stone used in volume jewellery. Handled by the setting machine like any other round stone of the same size.
Cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaner
A tank in which transducers vibrate the liquid tens of thousands of times a second to clean submerged pieces without contact. The Semsons Tech unit runs at 40 kHz, with 28 kHz and dual-frequency options, from 0.6 L to 30 L.
Cavitation
The formation and collapse of microscopic vacuum bubbles in a liquid under ultrasonic vibration. Each collapse releases a tiny jet that scrubs the surface, which is how the cleaner reaches prong undersides and chain-link interiors.
Transducer
The piezoelectric element on the tank floor that turns electrical energy into vibration. Sandwich-type transducers are fitted two to a tank on 2 to 6 L units, three on 9.5 to 15 L, and in arrays on 20 to 30 L.
SUS304
The grade of stainless steel used for the cleaner's tank, basket and lid. It resists the detergents, pickling and alkaline solutions used daily in a jewellery workshop.
Testing
XRF
X-ray fluorescence: the sample is illuminated with X-rays and the metals in it fluoresce at characteristic energies, so the analyser reads the composition without touching, scratching or dissolving the piece. The portable XRF gold analyzer tests in 5 to 60 seconds.
Karat
Gold purity in 24 parts: 24K is pure gold, 22K is 22 parts gold in 24, 18K is 18 in 24. XRF reports karat and the percentage purity together.
Hallmarking
Certification of gold purity by an approved centre. In India this is administered under the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS); hallmarking centres are among the users of XRF testing.
Plating detection
Identifying an item whose surface is gold over a base metal. XRF measures to a depth of 15 to 20 microns and alerts when only the surface is gold.
Tungsten fill
A fake gold bar with a tungsten core, chosen because tungsten's density is close to gold's, so a density test passes it. XRF reads the composition and catches it.
Industry and places
SEEPZ
The Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone in Mumbai, a customs-bonded special economic zone that is India's largest cluster of modern studded-jewellery manufacturing and accounts for more than half of the country's studded jewellery exports. See Semsons Tech in Mumbai and SEEPZ.
GJEPC
The Gem and Jewellery Export Promotion Council, the industry body under India's Ministry of Commerce that maps and supports the country's manufacturing clusters and runs training institutes in Mumbai, Delhi, Surat, Jaipur, Varanasi and Udupi.
JMA
The Jewellers Manufacturers Association, whose award Semsons Tech holds.
Job work
Manufacturing carried out for another business on their material and designs, common among smaller units and karigar workshops. Short mixed runs of job work favour a single-station machine.
Consumable
A part that wears or is used up in normal running and is replaced on a schedule or on symptom: nozzles, silicone, trays and mounting bases. Machine downtime in a setting room is almost always a consumable, not the machine, which is why stocked consumables dispatch the same day from Mumbai and Rajkot.